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Direct energy rebound effect for road transportation in China

《工程管理前沿（英文）》页码 597-611 doi: 10.1007/s42524-023-0276-y

摘要： The enhancement of energy efficiency stands as the principal avenue for attaining energy conservation and emissions reduction objectives within the realm of road transportation. Nevertheless, it is imperative to acknowledge that these objectives may, in part or in entirety, be offset by the phenomenon known as the energy rebound effect (ERE). To quantify the long-term EREs and short-term EREs specific to China’s road transportation, this study employed panel cointegration and panel error correction models, accounting for asymmetric price effects. The findings reveal the following: The long-term EREs observed in road passenger transportation and road freight transportation range from 13% to 25% and 14% to 48%, respectively; in contrast, the short-term EREs in road passenger transportation and road freight transportation span from 36% to 41% and 3.9% to 32%, respectively. It is noteworthy that the EREs associated with road passenger transportation and road freight transportation represent a partial rebound effect, falling short of reaching the magnitude of a counterproductive backfire effect. This leads to the inference that the upsurge in energy consumption within the road transportation sector cannot be solely attributed to advancements in energy efficiency. Instead, various factors, including income levels, the scale of commodity trade, and industrial structure, exert more substantial facilitating influences. Furthermore, the escalation of fuel prices fails to dampen the demand for energy services, whether in the domain of road passenger transportation or road freight transportation. In light of these conclusions, recommendations are proffered for the formulation of energy efficiency policies pertinent to road transportation.

关键词： road transportation direct energy rebound effect asymmetric price effects panel data model

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Transportation: meeting the dual challenges of achieving energy security and reducing greenhouse gas

Michael Quanlu WANG, Hong HUO

《能源前沿（英文）》 2009年第3卷第2期页码 212-225 doi: 10.1007/s11708-009-0016-y

摘要： As the population and economy continue to grow globally, demand for energy will continue to grow. The transportation sector relies solely on petroleum for its energy supply. The United States and China are the top two oil-importing countries. A major issue both countries face and are addressing is energy insecurity as a result of the demand for liquid fuels. Improvements in the energy efficiency of vehicles and the substitution of petroleum fuels with alternative fuels can help contain growth in the demand for transportation oil. Although most alternative transportation fuels - when applied to advanced vehicle technologies - can substantially reduce greenhouse emissions, coal-based liquid fuels may increase greenhouse gas emissions by twice as much as gasoline. Such technologies as carbon capture and storage may need to be employed to manage the greenhouse gas emissions of coal-based fuels. At present, there is no ideal transportation fuel option to solve problems related to transportation energy and greenhouse gas emissions. To solve these problems, research and development efforts are needed for a variety of transportation fuel options and advanced vehicle technologies.

关键词： transportation energy energy security greenhouse gases alternative fuels vehicle technologies

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我国道路交通与能源融合发展战略研究

贾利民,师瑞峰,吉莉 ,武平

《中国工程科学》 2022年第24卷第3期页码 163-172 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2022.03.017

摘要：

能源与交通的交替进步承载了人类社会的繁衍发展与文明延续。面对资源紧缺、气候变化、环境污染带来的严峻挑战，利用交通资产能源化、交通用能绿色化途径可以有效实现交通领域“碳达峰、碳中和”目标已逐渐成为一种共识。本文系统回顾了道路交通能源融合的发展历史，调研并分析了源于国家能源安全、交通能源结构绿色化转型、交通资产能源化潜力开发，以及交通系统智能化等推动道路交通与清洁能源融合发展的需求与变化趋势。笔者在对我国道路交通风、光自然资源禀赋与用能需求自洽供给评估分析的基础上，给出了我国道路交通与能源融合发展的参考路径，并结合“碳达峰、碳中和”目标，提出了道路交通与能源融合发展的路线图。最后，提出了技术与政策两方面建议：在技术方面，建议强化科技研发、推进产业链发展，助力技术创新与融合；在政策方面，建议完善顶层设计与战略规划、支持探索市场新模式，进一步深化国际合作。

关键词：道路交通；交通能源融合；交通资产能源化；可再生清洁能源；碳达峰、碳中和；交通用能负荷

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Decomposing drivers of transportation energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions for the Philippines

Neil Stephen LOPEZ, Anthony S.F. CHIU, Jose Bienvenido Manuel BIONA

《能源前沿（英文）》 2018年第12卷第3期页码 389-399 doi: 10.1007/s11708-018-0578-7

摘要：

Global CO₂ emissions increased by 57.9% from 1990 to 2014, of which 21% is known to be from the transportation sector. In line with policy development, driving forces to energy consumption and emissions may be determined using decomposition analysis techniques. However, the detail of information required to perform such studies for the transportation sector in developing countries can be challenging. An attempt was made in this study to formulate a decomposition analysis framework considering data availability and limitation in developing countries. Furthermore, a suggestion of adjusting transport activity data using average oil price was proposed. An illustrative case study in the Philippines revealed that the most significant driver was transport activity, followed by energy intensity, and then population growth, which was both similar and contrary to all previous studies performed in developed and rapidly urbanizing countries, which pointed out to transport activity as the primary contributing force. For the Philippines, transport activity was an inhibiting force, whereas energy intensity was the primary contributing factor. The difference could be explained by the differences in mode shares and quality of life between countries. Looking at private vehicle ownership data, it is observed that growth rates are higher in the rural, than in the urban centers. Deriving from the findings, developing a comprehensive public transport plan is recommend for future growth areas, expansion and modernization of public transport services in the city, and strategic deployment of transport policies.

关键词： transportation LMDI decomposition developing country emissions

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我国水路交通与能源融合发展路径探析

袁裕鹏 ,袁成清 ,徐洪磊 ,严新平 ,何琳

《中国工程科学》 2022年第24卷第3期页码 184-194 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2022.03.019

摘要：

能源是人类社会生存和发展的重要物质基础，水路交通作为交通运输行业的重要组成部分是能源消耗与温室气体排放的重点领域之一，因此水路交通与能源融合发展成为应对资源紧缺、气候变化、环境污染等严峻挑战的有力举措。本文梳理了包括船舶、港口在内的我国当前水路交通用能特征形式，从供给、质量、利用模式的角度评估了相关主体的能源需求演化趋势；开展了水路交通与能源融合发展的技术性评估，涵盖自然禀赋分析、基础设施资产能源化应用潜力、用能需求研判，并据此提出了我国水路交通与能源融合的发展原则、思路与路径。本文从政策、关键技术、人才培养等层面提出了推动我国水路交通与能源融合的发展建议，以期为领域交叉研究、水路交通行业高质量发展提供基础参考。

关键词：水路交通；新能源；低碳燃料；零碳燃料；能源利用模式；交通基础设施

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The Construction of a Green Transportation System of China

Zhi-huan Fu,Qing-zhong Luo,Guang-zhi Jia

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2014年第1卷第1期页码 3-12 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2014003

摘要： Since the 21st century, the transportation industry in China has achieved rapid growth with a significant increase in the transport capacity; however the development has also greatly impacted the energy saving & environmental conservation. This paper takes into account non-commercial vehicles such as private cars in the statistics of energy consumption and pollution of Chinese transportation system. This method extends on previous methods which solely include commercial vehicles in these statistics. Based on more comprehensive quantitative data, it reviews the progress in the energy saving and environmental conservation efforts by the Chinese transportation industry and points out that the rapid increase of energy consumption and pollution emission and the deterioration of traffic congestion are prominent problems in the development of the Chinese transport industry. The main reasons for theses problems include the unbalanced development of different transport modes, the irrational layout of integrated transport hubs, the inadequate law, regulations and standards, and the use of suboptimal technology. Based on these findings, this paper proposes several goals for the construction of a green transportation system in China including the establishment of a transportation management system, the improvement of transportation energy efficiency, the control of environmental pollution and the alleviating of urban traffic congestion. Additionally, it points out that in order to build a green transportation system in China, multiple aspects should be enhanced, i.e., the formulation of traffic planning, the optimization of transport structure, the development of urban public transport, improvement of integrated hubs, administration of energy saving and environmental conservation, development of intelligent transportation systems, technical innovations, etc..

关键词： green transportation energy saving and emission reduction environmental conservation

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Liquid metal as energy transportation medium or coolant under harsh environment with temperature below

Yunxia GAO, Lei WANG, Haiyan LI, Jing LIU

《能源前沿（英文）》 2014年第8卷第1期页码 49-61 doi: 10.1007/s11708-013-0285-3

摘要： The current highly integrated electronics and energy systems are raising a growing demand for more sophisticated thermal management in harsh environments such as in space or some other cryogenic environment. Recently, it was found that room temperature liquid metals (RTLM) such as gallium or its alloys could significantly reduce the electronics temperature compared with the conventional coolant, like water, oil or more organic fluid. However, most of the works were focused on RTLM which may subject to freeze under low temperature. So far, a systematic interpretation on the preparation and thermal properties of liquid metals under low temperature (here defined as lower than 0°C) has not yet been available and related applications in cryogenic field have been scarce. In this paper, to promote the research along this important direction and to overcome the deficiency of RTLM, a comprehensive evaluation was proposed on the concept of liquid metal with a low melting point below zero centigrade, such as mercury, alkali metal and more additional alloy candidates. With many unique virtues, such liquid metal coolants are expected to open a new technical frontier for heat transfer enhancement, especially in low temperature engineering. Some innovative ways for making low melting temperature liquid metal were outlined to provide a clear theoretical guideline and perform further experiments to discover new materials. Further, a few promising applied situations where low melting temperature liquid metals could play irreplaceable roles were detailed. Finally, some main factors for optimization of low temperature coolant were summarized. Overall, with their evident merits to meet various critical requirements in modern advanced energy and power industries, liquid metals with a low melting temperature below zero centigrade are expected to be the next-generation high-performance heat transfer medium in thermal managements, especially in harsh environment in space.

关键词： liquid metal cryogenics low melting point thermal management aircraft liquid cooling space exploration

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A systemic review of hydrogen supply chain in energy transition

《能源前沿（英文）》 2023年第17卷第1期页码 102-122 doi: 10.1007/s11708-023-0861-0

摘要： Targeting the net-zero emission (NZE) by 2050, the hydrogen industry is drastically developing in recent years. However, the technologies of hydrogen upstream production, midstream transportation and storage, and downstream utilization are facing obstacles. In this paper, the development of hydrogen industry from the production, transportation and storage, and sustainable economic development perspectives were reviewed. The current challenges and future outlooks were summarized consequently. In the upstream, blue hydrogen is dominating the current hydrogen supply, and an implementation of carbon capture and sequestration (CCS) can raise its cost by 30%. To achieve an economic feasibility, green hydrogen needs to reduce its cost by 75% to approximately 2 /kg at the large scale. The research progress in the midterm sector is still in a preliminary stage, where experimental and theoretical investigations need to be conducted in addressing the impact of embrittlement, contamination, and flammability so that they could provide a solid support for material selection and large-scale feasibility studies. In the downstream utilization, blue hydrogen will be used in producing value-added chemicals in the short-term. Over the long-term, green hydrogen will dominate the market owing to its high energy intensity and zero carbon intensity which provides a promising option for energy storage. Technologies in the hydrogen industry require a comprehensive understanding of their economic and environmental benefits over the whole life cycle in supporting operators and policymakers.

关键词： hydrogen production hydrogen transportation and storage hydrogen economy carbon capture and sequestration (CCS) technology assessment

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Low-cost green building practice in China: Library of Shandong Transportation College

Yingxin ZHU, Borong LIN, Bin YUAN,

《能源前沿（英文）》 2010年第4卷第1期页码 100-105 doi: 10.1007/s11708-009-0072-3

摘要： This paper introduces the design idea and technique utilized in the Library of Shandong Transportation College, which ranked 1st in the 2nd National Green Buildings Innovation Award in China in March 2007 due to its low cost and climate-oriented green strategy during its design and construction phase, including land saving, energy efficiency, water conservation, and so on. Originally, the place was a landfill site with an odor pool. After reconstruction, it was changed into the construction site of the library with an area of 7000m and a scenery pond. With the integrated use of passive shading, daylighting, ventilation with atriums, high-insulation materials, underground duct ventilation, and the substitution of cooling tower with the pond water, the HVAC load design indexes are 59 W/m and 21.8 W/m for space cooling and heating, respectively, much lower than the newly issued Chinese energy efficient design code for public buildings. Moreover, a set of measures is utilized for water conversation, material saving, and improvement of indoor environmental quality. After three years of operation, the real effect has been validated by electricity meter and field measurement. The total initial cost for the building with the above mentioned integrated technologies was only RMB 2150 per square meter, which was worth spending in China due to the climatic adaptability and the relative low cost.

关键词： green building low cost technique energy efficiency integrated strategy

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Will biomass be used for bioenergy or transportation biofuels?

Jinguang HU, William James CADHAM, Susan van DYK, Jack N. SADDLER

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2017年第4卷第4期页码 473-481 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2017168

摘要： Potential competition for biomass for current and future bioenergy/biofuel uses in Brazil, Denmark, Sweden and the USA were compared. In each of these countries, bioenergy and biofuels are already important in their energy mix. However, there is limited competition for biomass between bioenergy (heat/power/residential/industrial) and transportation biofuel applications. This situation is likely to continue until advanced biofuel technology becomes much more commercially established. In each of these countries, biomass is predominantly used to produce bioenergy, even in those regions where biofuels are significant component of their transportation sector (Brazil, Sweden and USA). The vast majority of biofuel production continues to be based on sugar, starch and oil rich feedstocks, while bioenergyis produced almost exclusively from forest biomass with agricultural biomass having a small, but increasing, secondary role. Current and proposed commercial scale biomass-to-ethanol facilities almost exclusively use agriculture derived residues (corn stover/wheat straw/sugarcane bagasse). Competition for biomass feedstocks for bioenergy/biofuel applications, is most likely to occur for agricultural biomass with coproduct lignin and other residues used to concomitantly produce heat and electricity on site at biofuel production facilities.

关键词： bioenergy biofuel biomass renewable energy policy

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Sustainable urban transportation development in China: A behavioral perspective

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2022年第9卷第1期页码 16-30 doi: 10.1007/s42524-021-0162-4

摘要： The rapid development of economics requires highly efficient and environment-friendly urban transportation systems. Such requirement presents challenges in sustainable urban transportation. The analysis and understanding of transportation-related behaviors provide one approach to dealing with complicated transportation activities. In this study, the management of traffic systems is divided into four levels with a structural and systematic perspective. Then, several special cases from the perspective of behavior, including purchasing behaviors toward new energy vehicles, choice behaviors toward green travel, and behavioral reactions toward transportation demand management policies, are investigated. Several management suggestions are proposed for transportation authorities to improve sustainable traffic management.

关键词： sustainable urban transportation transportation behaviors

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非并网风电制氢及其在绿色交通物流中的应用

周凌云,王超

《中国工程科学》 2015年第17卷第3期页码 50-55

摘要：

全球二氧化碳减排巨大压力给了氢能一次绝好的发展机遇，也加速了氢能技术的发展。水分解制氢是制氢技术的主要方向，但其依赖用电分解，能耗巨大，唯有与其他洁净能源如太阳能、风能等相匹配，才能降低成本。针对风电间歇波动、不可直接并网特点，探索开发利用我国黄海辐射沙洲丰富的风能资源，提出基于非并网风电技术制氢及其在绿色交通物流中应用模式和途径，对于综合开发风电资源、拓展氢能应用和绿色交通物流发展具有重要意义。

关键词：氢能；辐射沙洲；非并网风电；绿色交通物流；运输产业链

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Future urban transport management

《工程管理前沿（英文）》页码 534-539 doi: 10.1007/s42524-023-0255-3

摘要： The incorporation of disruptive innovations into the transportation industry will inevitably cause major upheavals in the transportation sector. However, existing research lacks systematic theories and methodologies to represent the underlying characteristics of future urban transport systems. Furthermore, emerging modes in urban mobility have not been sufficiently studied. The National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) officially approved the Basic Science Center project titled “Future Urban Transport Management” in 2022. The project members include leading scientists and engineers from Beijing Jiaotong University, Beihang University, and Beijing Transport Institute. Based on a wide range of previous projects by the consortium on urban mobility and sustainable cities, this project will encompass transdisciplinary and interdisciplinary research to explore critical issues affecting future urban traffic management. It aims to develop fundamental theories and methods based on social and technological developments in the near future and explores innovative solutions to implement alongside these emerging developments in urban mobility.

关键词： future urban transport management travel behavior characteristics transportation operations transportation emergency management transportation decision intelligence

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Neighborhood form and CO

Jiaxing GUO, Huan LIU, Yang JIANG, Dongquan HE, Qidong WANG, Fei MENG, Kebin HE

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2014年第8卷第1期页码 79-88 doi: 10.1007/s11783-013-0516-1

摘要： To understand the household CO emission level in China, as well as how much the neighborhoods’ socio-economic or design factors could influence the CO emission, 23 neighborhoods in Jinan were investigated in 2009 and 2010. These neighborhoods fall into four different types: superblock, enclave, grid and traditional. The household CO emission includes sources of both in-home energy use and passenger transportation. The average CO emission per household is 7.66 t·a , including 6.87 t in-home operational emission and 792 kg transportation emission. The household CO emission by neighborhood categories is 10.97, 5.65, 6.49, 5.40 t·household ·a for superblock, enclave, grid and traditional respectively. Superblock has the highest average emission and also the highest percent (more than 25%) of transportation emission among four different types of neighborhoods. The residential CO emission of superblock neighborhoods in Jinan has already reached the level in developed countries nearly ten years ago. It is predictable that more superblock neighborhoods would be built in China with the fast urbanization. How to avoid the rapid household CO emission growth in the future would be a systematic issue. The study also found that in addition to income and apartment area, household density, land use mix and accessibility to public transportation are three primary factors which have significant impacts on CO emission. High density, mixed land use and convenient accessibility to public transportation tend to reduce household CO emission.

关键词： CO₂ emission neighborhood type transportation household energy China

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节地节投资节油70%彻底不堵车城市新模式

董国良

《中国工程科学》 2006年第8卷第1期页码 11-17

摘要：

提出了“城市基因改造论”和“畅通城市新模式”。目前城市“有机体”中存在着致病基因——“空间错位”，正是这一致病基因，导致产生了影响城市可持续发展的十大问题：城市占地多、效率低、能耗高、污染重、停车难、治安差、不宜居，以及交通事故多、交通投资巨大等。城市交通问题应该从“城市交通-城市空间-经济-社会”四个层次综合研究，“跳出交通看交通”，铲除“空间错位”这个基因，才能一揽子解决城市交通和城市可持续发展的诸多问题。通过分别构筑车与人的空间，将一个混乱的城市空间变为两个自由空间，从而构建“畅通城市新模式”，既可实现《雅典宪章》所提出的寻找新的街道系统以适应汽车交通特性^［1］，又可实现建设“以人为本”节约宜人型城市的新目标。

关键词：城市交通可持续发展